What is the primary treatment for status epilepticus?

Benzodiazepines are the primary treatment for status epilepticus due to their rapid onset of action and effectiveness in quickly halting seizure activity. Status epilepticus is a medical emergency characterized by prolonged seizures or recurrent seizures without recovery, and it requires prompt intervention to prevent potential brain damage and other complications. Benzodiazepines, such as lorazepam and diazepam, are commonly used because they enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA-A receptor, leading to increased inhibitory neurotransmission and cessation of seizures.

Benzodiazepines are typically administered intravenously for immediate effect, providing rapid control over seizures while other longer-acting anticonvulsants may be considered for ongoing management. While anticonvulsants like phenytoin or levetiracetam are important for long-term control, they are not first-line treatments in the acute phase due to their slower onset of action compared to benzodiazepines. Antipyretics and cooling methods are unrelated to the management of seizures directly and are typically used for conditions such as fever but do not address the underlying seizure activity in this context.